Information
Background: Microarray analysis enables scientists to view and analyze the thousands of genes that have been expresses in cells on one surface. By detecting changes in transcription in cells, one can understand the normal and abnormal functions of a cell. A cancer researcher might look at changes in transcription to learn more about a specific cancer. To do so, a gene chip would be created and imprinted with a pattern of spots which is made up of copies of part of the human genome. The DNA chip would be used to analyze cDNAs that were made from mRNA collected from both cancerous and noncancerous tissue. The tissues would be tagged with dyes and applied to the chip. How much a tissue attaches to its complement on the chip indicates to what extent the transcription occurred. This could help indicate what genes might be important in the development of cancer. The microarray analysis allows suspect genes to be identified sooner due to the technological advances scientists have made. A single microarray chip has more than 30,000 spots of DNA on it. Scientists have learned that some genes are not expressed as much in cancer cells as they are in normal cells. This may indicate how cancer cells spread and grow. Some genes are expressed more in cancer cells than in normal cells, which may play an important role in making cells cancerous. Some genes are also expressed at the same level of both cancer and normal cells. These cells are probably not significant in causing cancer.
Objective: The objective of this lab is to study the expression of six genes in normal lung cells and lung cancer cells to determine what genes have been transcribed to produce more mRNA in lung cancer cells than in normal lung cells and what genes have been repressed from producing mRNA in the lung cancer cells. Scientists may use this process to discover information about different types of diseases.
Procedure: We will first prepare the simulated microarray slide. Next, we will obtain DNA tubes from a 70 degrees Celsius water bath. We will set a micropipet to 15 microliters and measure 15 microliter of solution from each of the numbered bottles and place the solution onto the correct spots on the slide using a different tip for each spot. Next, we will drop 15 microliters of hybridization solution to each of the spots. After we will analyze our results and clean up.
Hypthesis: I think we will use the microarray chip technique to discover which of the six genes causes cancer.
Procedure
First, we obtained a slide. Next, we set a micropipet to 20 microliters and measured 20 microliters of solution from each numbered bottle and pipetted the solution into the correct spots on the slide, using a different tip for each spot. Nest, we pipetted 20 microliters of "Hybridization Solution" from the dropper bottle onto each spot. After we observed our results.
Results
Spot 1 turned pink. Spot 2 turned a blue. Spot 3 turned a dark blue-purple color. Spot 4 did not change color. Spot 5 turned light pink. Spot 6 turned a light blue color.
Discussion
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